Heartworm may not be highly prevalent in the Geelong district, but it's a mistake to assume it's not present. Throughout the year, particularly in the summer months, the beaches all around the Bellarine Peninsula host dogs from various regions. These visiting pets can easily introduce parasites like heartworm.
How Heartworm Spreads
Heartworm is transmitted between dogs via mosquitoes. When a mosquito bites an infected dog, it ingests and incubates the larvae. Incubation rates vary from 2 to 3 weeks, depending on the weather. Warmer temperatures lead to shorter incubation periods, while temperatures below 14°C inhibit larval development. Consequently, heartworm transmission is generally confined to the warmer months, coinciding with tourist season when dogs from heartworm-prone regions visit.
The Heartworm Lifecycle
Infection isn't noticeable immediately, as the maturation of the worm from larvae takes 6 to 7 months. During this time, the larvae develop and migrate, eventually settling in the pulmonary artery. Here, they grow to maturity, with males reaching about 23cm and females about 30cm.
Once established, adult heartworms will continue to breed unless treated. The full lifecycle cannot be completed within the dog; larvae require an incubation period in a mosquito. A dog with heartworm can be re-infected, leading to a build-up of adult heartworms in the pulmonary artery.
Recognizing Heartworm Symptoms
Typical symptoms of heartworm in dogs include coughing and premature exhaustion during exercise. In advanced cases, dogs may suffer from:
- Weight loss
- Collapse to unconsciousness
- Coughing up blood
- Chronic heart failure
Some sedentary dogs may not show obvious symptoms but can still carry and spread the infection. Pre-incubated heartworm larvae can survive in a dog’s bloodstream for up to 2 years, waiting to be ingested by a mosquito and incubated.
Diagnosis and Treatment
A vet can detect heartworm through a blood test, with an X-ray revealing the severity of the infection. If detected, your vet will prescribe appropriate medication, and surgery may be necessary in severe cases.
Prevention is Key
Preventing heartworm is straightforward with several brands available that combine heartworm prevention with flea and tick treatment. Before starting preventative treatment, ensure your dog is not already infected. If you’re purchasing or adopting a new dog or puppy, their veterinary health check should include worming and testing.
Protect Your Dog
Heartworm may not be common in Geelong, but it’s a serious threat to your dog’s health. By staying vigilant and taking preventive measures, you can keep your furry friend safe from this dangerous parasite.