Grain-free dog food is becoming increasingly common among pet owners. But what is the nutritional science behind this trend, and is there anything inherently wrong with traditional dog food that contains grains? Let’s delve into the value of grains in dog food and why grain-free options are rising in popularity.
The Issue with Grains in Dog Food
One major reason for the shift towards grain-free dog food is the response to some manufacturers using excessive grains as fillers in pet food. Meat ingredients are more expensive than grains, so lower-end pet food brands often add grains like wheat or corn to bulk up their products. These fillers are sometimes flavoured with meat offal and carcass remains and disguised as “meaty chunks” using food dyes and gums. This can make your pet feel full but doesn’t provide much nutritional value.
The Role of Grains in Premium Pet Food
Even premium pet food brands include grains, as they help bind ingredients, much like bread crumbs or flour in a casserole. Grains can also offer nutritional benefits, serving as a protein source for dogs whose veterinarians recommend reduced animal-derived proteins in their diets. However, veterinarians sometimes recommend grain-free diets for animals with grain sensitivities.
Dogs' Natural Diet and Grain Consumption
Historically, dogs would catch and eat live prey, often herbivores. In the wild, a dog would consume its prey’s internal organs and the semi-digested plant and grain material in its stomach. This vegetable and grain matter can make up almost a third of the overall meal the dog consumes, along with bones and meat. This supports the understanding that a healthy dog diet should consist of a ratio of meat (50%), raw bones (25%), and veggies (25%).
Protein, Carbohydrates, and Grains in Dog Diets
Dogs only metabolize a limited amount of protein each day, so active or working dogs needing high calories can get quick, usable energy from carbohydrates. Both grains and vegetables are good sources of carbohydrates. The key is to choose grains with high nutritional value, use grains in proper proportions to meat, and cook grains properly. Dogs cannot digest whole grains, as they evolved eating grains already digested by their prey, not by grazing in fields. Therefore, in dog food, grains and vegetables need to be softened and ground to be "pre-digested."
Grain Sensitivities and Allergies in Dogs
Some dogs benefit from a completely grain-free diet due to allergic reactions or dietary intolerances to specific grains. These allergies and intolerances vary among individual dogs and aren’t linked to any particular breed, sex, or age. Symptoms of food allergies or dietary intolerance in dogs include frequent bowel movements, diarrhea, skin irritations, and impacted anal glands. Dogs with food allergies often have normal bowel movements but may exhibit signs like rubbing their face and ears, or licking their paws or anus more than usual.
Seeking Professional Advice
If you suspect your dog has a food allergy or dietary intolerance, it’s crucial to consult your vet. Regular veterinary check-ups can help address any health concerns and ensure your dog’s well-being.
Understanding the benefits and drawbacks of grains in dog food can help you make informed decisions about your pet’s diet. Whether you choose grain-free or grain-inclusive dog food, always prioritize the nutritional needs and health of your furry friend.